Who among the following may attack a witness’s credibility according to the rules of evidence?

• A. Any party, including the party that called the witness
• B. Only the opposing party
• C. Only the judge can decide credibility
• D. The jury may decide credibility without challenges

Answer: (A)

Attacking a witness’s credibility is allowed to test how reliable their testimony is. Any party may do this, including the party who called the witness. This is done through methods like cross-examination to expose inconsistencies, show bias or interest, and introduce evidence about prior statements or other factors that affect honesty. The goal is to help the trier of fact assess truthfulness and reliability, not to shield the witness from scrutiny. The opposing party can pursue impeachment, but it’s not limited to them—the party who called the witness may also impeach their own witness if needed to present a complete and accurate account. The judge’s role is to rule on the admissibility of impeachment evidence and to allow the jury (or themselves in a bench trial) to weigh credibility based on all the evidence. Choices suggesting only the opposing party can attack, or that the judge alone decides credibility, or that the jury can decide credibility without challenges, don’t fit because impeachment is an available tool for any participant in the trial, and credibility is ultimately evaluated by the trier of fact using the impeachment evidence presented.