In a homicide case, which rule permits evidence of the victim's peacefulness to rebut a claim that the victim was the first aggressor?

• A. Rule 404(a)(1) prohibits character evidence to prove conduct.
• B. Rule 404(a)(3) permits evidence of a witness's character for credibility.
• C. Rule 403 requires balancing.
• D. Rule 404(a)(2)(C) permits evidence of the victim's peacefulness to rebut first aggressor claims.

Answer: (D)

In homicide cases, there is a narrow exception to the general ban on using a person’s character to prove conduct. This exception allows evidence of the victim’s peacefulness to rebut a claim that the victim was the first aggressor. The idea is to help resolve who started the confrontation, which is central to whether self-defense is justified. This specific rule—an exception under the rule governing character evidence—permits presenting the victim’s peacefulness as proof against the assertion that the victim acted as the aggressor. It isn't a broad permission to introduce any character evidence about the victim; it’s a targeted allowance tied to first-aggressor claims in a homicide dispute, and it may be balanced with other evidentiary concerns as needed.